C. Roebuck Reed is a CSET test-preparation instructor and trainer from Burbank, CA, as well as a writer
and documentarian of educational and entertainment projects. She was the coauthor of SAT Exam Success.
Margaret Piskitel is an education specialist from New York, NY.
Maxwell Antor is a high school math teacher and was math writer for SAT Exam Success and GED Exam
Success. He is from Oakland, CA.
About the Authors
v
CHAPTER 1 About the GRE General Test 1
CHAPTER 2 Studying for the GRE 13
Where Do I Start? 13
I Need a Plan 14
I Need a Place 16
Study Strategies 20
You Are Worth It: Motivational Techniques That Work 23
Learning Strategies and Test-Taking Strategies 26
Testing Psychology 29
Multiple-Choice Strategies 33
The Endgame 34
In a Nutshell 36
CHAPTER 3 The GRE Analytical Writing Section 37
Pretest 37
Introduction to the GRE Analytical Writing Section 41
About the Analytical Writing Section 42
The Analytical Writing Process 45
Present Your Perspective on an Issue—Attack Mode 45
Analyze an Argument—Attack Mode 57
Tips and Strategies for the Official Test 65
Practice 67
Contents
vii
CHAPTER 4 The GRE Verbal Section 83
Pretest 83
Introduction to the Verbal Section 90
What to Expect on the GRE Verbal Section 90
The Four Types of Verbal Section Questions 91
A Lesson a Day Makes the Test Go Your Way 94
How to Approach Analogies 95
How to Approach Antonyms 99
How to Approach Sentence Completion Questions 102
The Top Seven Steps for Answering Sentence Completion Questions 108
How to Approach Reading Comprehension Questions 110
Tips and Strategies for the Official Test 116
Practice 123
CHAPTER 5 The GRE Quantitative Section 143
Introduction to the Quantitative Section 144
The Two Types of Quantitative Section Questions 146
Pretest 147
Arithmetic Review 153
Algebra Review 165
Geometry Review 178
Data Analysis Review 203
Tips and Strategies for the Official Test 210
Practice 213
APPENDIX Additional Resources 239
–
CONTENTS
–
viii
ACING
THE GRE
1. Q: Who takes the GRE General Test?
A. Most applicants to graduate programs take
the GRE General Test.
2. Q: What is on the GRE General Test?
A: There are three sections: Analytical Writing,
Verbal, and Quantitative.
3. Q: When is the GRE General Test offered?
A: The test is offered year-round.
4. Q:Where can I take the GRE General Test?
A: The exam is offered at testing centers
throughout the United States and the world.
5. Q:Why do I have to take the GRE General Test?
A: Graduate programs require you to take the
GRE General Test to assess your logical and
critical reasoning skills.
CHAPTER
About the GRE
General Test
1
1
The Five Ws of the GRE General Test
Why the GRE General Test?
Before you went to college, you may have taken the SAT or another college admissions test. Those exams are
designed to help colleges determine whether prospective students can do the type and level of work they will
encounter in postsecondary school. The Graduate Record Exam, or GRE, like the SAT, is designed by Edu-
cational Testing Service
®
(ETS
®
), and if you took the SAT, the basic format of the GRE will seem familiar.
Instead of testing college-level skills as the SAT does, the GRE assesses abilities required for success in grad-
uate school—the ability to understand and convey ideas using language and the ability to apply basic math
concepts to solve problems and analyze data. This is why many graduate programs want prospective students
to take the exam. They want you to show that you can correctly analyze complex material, think logically, and
clearly communicate your thoughts in written form.
Who Takes the GRE General Test?
Just as most colleges require prospective students to submit standardized test scores, many graduate programs
want to see GRE results as well. If you are applying to a master’s or doctoral program, you may need to take
the exam. Of course, test results are only part of the information that schools use to make admissions deci-
sions. Factors such as grades, recommendations, and professional experience are also considered. Universi-
ties know that some students who struggle with standardized tests perform very well in their graduate course
work and vice versa. Still, the GRE is a crucial part of the admission process and one on which you naturally
want to perform well.
Maybe you are thinking, “But I’m not applying to study English, and I don’t plan to use math in my
work; why do I have to take this kind of test?” Still, no matter what field of study you plan to undertake in
graduate school, you must be able to think clearly and logically and to express your thoughts in writing. You
must be able to read and comprehend complex, densely written works, because that is the sort of material
you will encounter in graduate school. And, you must be comfortable manipulating numbers and using them
to represent concrete objects or abstract ideas. For example, if you want to attain a master’s degree in urban
planning, you may need to perform tasks such as statistical analysis of traffic flow and projections of popu-
lation trends. Social workers need to use demographic numbers regarding the needs of underserved groups.
Even aspiring filmmakers must confidently manipulate budget numbers. Just as college-level studies were a
step up from the kind of work you did in high school, graduate school requires you to think in even more
sophisticated ways. That is why graduate programs ask you to take the GRE.
When Is the GRE General Test Offered?
In the United States and in most countries of the world, the GRE is now administered as a computer-based
test (CBT), also called a computer-adaptive test (CAT).You make an appointment to go to a testing center, where
you take the exam. You may either choose a center from the list in the GRE Registration Bulletin, or ETS will
assign you to the nearest location. The exam is offered during the first three weeks of every month, year-round.
You may want to avoid the November-through-January test-taking season when most exam takers sign
up for testing. It is the busiest time of year for the test centers. However, if that is when you need to take the
exam, sign up as early as possible to make sure you get the date and time you want. Remember, you want to
–
ABOUT THE GRE GENERAL TEST
–
2
1. Call 609-771-7670 or go online to www.GRE.org to get the official GRE Registration Bulletin.
Mail the Authorization Voucher Request Form found in the Bulletin and send a check or money
order as payment. Then, contact Prometric Candidate Services Call Center at 800-473-2255 to
schedule an appointment.
2. Call 800-473-2255 or an individual test center near you (see list at www.GRE.org or in the GRE
Registration Bulletin) to register without a voucher, using VISA, MasterCard, or American Express.
3. Register online with a credit card at www.GRE.org.
Three Ways To Register
3
leave ample time for ETS, the creators of the test, to report your scores to your chosen institution(s) by the
deadline. The Bulletin contains information on how long it will take ETS to score your exam.
How Do I Sign Up?
First, you must obtain the official GRE Registration Bulletin by calling 609-771-7670 or by downloading the infor-
mation from www.GRE.org. The actual registration can be done by mail, using the Authorization Voucher Request
Form found in the Bulletin and sending a check or money order as payment. When you receive your voucher, you
can contact Prometric Candidate Services Call Center at 800-473-2255 to schedule an appointment. If you prefer,
you can call that number or an individual test center near you (see list at www.GRE.org) and register without a
voucher, using a credit card. Finally, you can also register online with a credit card at www.GRE.org.
What Is on the Test?
The GRE General Test has three sections: Analytical Writing, Verbal, and Quantitative. The Analytical Writing por-
tion tests your ability to understand and convey complex ideas, to analyze arguments, and to present a cohesive dis-
cussion of those ideas and arguments. It is always presented first. Next, the Verbal section tests your comprehension
of the logical relationships between words, as well as your vocabulary and your ability to understand and think crit-
ically about complex written material. Finally, the Quantitative section tests your competence in arithmetic, alge-
bra, and geometry, and your ability to apply these subjects within verbal contexts (word problems). There may also
be an experimental section, presented within either the Verbal or the Quantitative section. You will not be able to
tell which section is experimental, however, so it is important to work equally hard on all parts of the test. One thing
you can be sure of is that the experimental section is always multiple choice, never essay.
Format, timing, and the test-taking strategies of the paper-based General Test differ from those of the
computer-based General Test.
This book focuses primarily on the computer-based General Test.
Please refer to the tables on the next page.
Important Note
PAPER-BASED GENERAL TEST
SECTION NUMBER OF QUESTIONS TIME
Analytical Writing 1 Issue task 45 minutes
1 Argument task 30 minutes
Verbal (2 sections) 38 questions per section 30 minutes per section
Quantitative (2 sections) 30 questions per section 30 minutes per section
Pretest* Varies 30 minutes
Total time: 3 hours 45 minutes
COMPUTER-BASED GENERAL TEST
SECTION NUMBER OF QUESTIONS TIME
Analytical Writing 1 Issue task 45 minutes
1 Argument task 30 minutes
Verbal 30 questions 30 minutes
Quantitative 28 questions 45 minutes
Pretest* Varies Varies
Research** Varies Varies
Total time: from 3 hours to 3 hours 15 minutes (not including the research)
* An undisclosed verbal or quantitative pretest section may be included and may appear in any order after
the analytical writing section. It is not counted as part of your score.
** An undisclosed research section may be included at the end of the test. It is not counted as part of your
score.
How Long Is the Exam?
You are allowed four hours for the CBT/CAT exam, though the timed portion is 3 hours 45 minutes for the
paper-based General Test and up to 3 hours 15 minutes for the computer-based General Test. There is a ten-
minute break after the Analytical Writing section and a one-minute break between the two subsequent sections.
You may take as long as you need within the four-hour limit to familiarize yourself with the CBT/CAT
format. You will want to familiarize yourself with the computer and the procedure before you begin the timed
portion of the test, so plan to allow yourself the full four hours to avoid adding time pressure to any other
stress you might be feeling.
There is a Help menu, which can be accessed at will, but if you need it during the actual exam, you will
be using your precious minutes while the clock ticks. Be sure you have answered all your questions about the
test before you start answering the actual test questions. That’s what test-preparation material is for, so use
it. Also, there is a clock that appears onscreen during the exam, so you can see how much time you have left
in any given section. If the clock bothers you, you can hide it. It will still come back onscreen to alert you when
you have five minutes left in the section.
–
ABOUT THE GRE GENERAL TEST
–
4
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